What Is Strengthen the argument on the GMAT?
Strengthen the argument is a GMAT Critical Reasoning question type where you must choose the answer choice that makes the author's conclusion more likely to be true. It tests your ability to evaluate evidence and identify what would bolster a logical case.
Definition
In a Strengthen question, you are given a short argument consisting of premises (evidence) and a conclusion. Your task is to select the option that, if true, provides additional support for that conclusion. The correct answer doesn't have to prove the conclusion absolutely; it just needs to make it more probable or plausible.
Why It Matters on the GMAT
Strengthen questions are one of the most common Critical Reasoning types, appearing frequently on the Verbal section. They test your ability to analyze logical relationships and identify what would make an argument more convincing. Mastering this type is essential for a high Verbal score, as it sharpens your overall reasoning skills.
A Concrete Example
Argument: A city council proposes building a new subway line to reduce traffic congestion. They argue that more public transit options will encourage people to leave their cars at home.
Question: Which of the following, if true, most strengthens the argument?
Correct Answer: A study shows that in cities with similar subway expansions, car usage dropped by 15%.
Why? The study provides real-world evidence that the proposed action (subway expansion) leads to the desired outcome (reduced car usage), making the conclusion more likely.
Common Mistakes
- Choosing an answer that strengthens the premises instead of the conclusion. The correct answer must support the conclusion directly.
- Selecting an answer that is merely consistent with the argument. It must add new, positive support, not just repeat what's already stated.
- Picking an answer that weakens or has no effect. Always ask: does this make the conclusion more likely?
- Overlooking the word 'most.' In some questions, multiple answers may seem plausible; choose the one that provides the strongest support.
How to Practice It
- Identify the conclusion first: underline or paraphrase it.
- Look for gaps in the reasoning: what assumption is the argument making?
- Use a simple test: for each answer, ask 'If this is true, does it make the conclusion more likely?'
- Practice with official GMAT questions to get familiar with common patterns.
- Keep a log of wrong answers to see if you tend to fall for traps.