There are two bars made of gold-silver alloy. The first bar contains parts of gold and parts of silver by weight, while the second contains parts of gold and parts of silver by weight. If both bars are melted and combined to form a single -kilogram bar with a gold-to-silver ratio of by weight, what was the weight of the first bar?
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Classic alligation setup. The first bar is 40% gold and the second is 30% gold, and the target is 5/16 = 31.25%. Since gold fractions are close, the two weights should be very lopsided toward the second bar. That immediately kills C, D, E for me.
Yeah I used the same logic to eliminate the big options, then just tested the remaining ones.
Careful though, don't confuse the 8 kg total with the first bar's weight. I almost did that.
I set up x + y = 8 and then (2/5)x + (3/10)y = (5/16)(8). Solving gave a clean number. Took me about 90 seconds, feels right for 700 level.
This is the safest approach. Alligation is faster if you're comfortable with it, but the algebra never fails.
Is anyone else getting tripped up by the wording? It says 2 parts gold and 3 parts silver, so the gold fraction is 2/5, not 2/3. I wasted a minute because I misread it the first time.
Same here. Parts vs ratio notation is the real trap in this one, not the math itself.
Alligation shortcut: gold fractions 2/5=40%, 3/10=30%, mixture 5/16=31.25%. Differences are 8.75 and 1.25, so the ratio of weights is 1.25:8.75 = 1:7. Since total is 8 kg, the first bar is the smaller share.
This is elegant, but I always double-check the direction of the ratio. Mixing that up is how people land on the wrong choice.
What it tests
Your ability to reason about weighted averages and the composition of mixtures.
Common trap
Averaging the percentages of two solutions without weighting by their volumes.